Contents & Abstracts

Ground Beetles (Coleoptera) in Agroecosystems of the King Sabatha Dalindyebo Local Municipality, Eastern Cape

Yamkela Silwanyana (Ms), Walter Sisulu University

Simon K. Kuria (Prof), Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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Focusing on how farming practices shape insect biodiversity, this research investigates carabid beetle communities in South Africa’s Ross and Baziya areas. The goal was to understand the effects of crop cultivation and grazing on beetle assemblages, revealing that local soil and environmental differences mattered more than land use alone. The findings highlight the importance of tailored land management to support insect diversity.

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Given the Widespread Water Contamination and the Risk of Cholera Infections in South Africa, What Role Can Internal Auditors Play in Enhancing Drinking Water Quality?

Makhosandile Hercules Kwaza (Dr), Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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There have been numerous problems relating to water quality in South Africa, often the subject of comprehensive media coverage. The author argues that tackling the problem requires a fresh perspective. The author further argues that given the pressing need to improve water quality, it is crucial to consider the potential role of internal auditors, as they are expected to add value and enhance their organisation’s operation. This study investigates the role the internal auditor can play in enhancing drinking water quality, given the widespread water contamination and the risk of cholera infection in South Africa. The research approaches followed in this study were quantitative and literature review. The sample method used was purposive. The study found that water service providers where internal auditors get involved in reviewing water quality have fewer challenges related to water quality.

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The Impact of Innovation on the Co2 Emissions in South Africa

Menzi Mhlanga, Walter Sisulu University

Kin Sibanda, Walter Sisulu University

Unathi Dingiswayo, Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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Aiming to uncover how innovation influences environmental outcomes, this study examines the relationship between technological progress and carbon dioxide emissions in South Africa from 1994 to 2019. By analysing key factors like renewable energy use, governance, and economic growth, the research emphasises the urgent need for green technologies to achieve meaningful emission reductions.

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Incorporation of User Requirements Into the Development of an Electronic Health Record System in a South African Public Hospital

Samuel Ncoyini (Dr), Walter Sisulu University

Liezel Cilliers (Prof), University of Fort Hare

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Abstract

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To address low adoption rates of electronic health record systems in public healthcare, this research focuses on integrating user needs into system design. Insights from healthcare workers reveal that poor functionality and workflow mismatches hinder use. The work underscores that involving end-users is essential for creating effective, supportive digital health tools.

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Biomass Gasification for Sustainable Renewable Electricity Generation: A Review

Mutetwa Kuyumani, Walter Sisulu University

S. Mambo, Walter Sisulu University

R. Taziwa, Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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With the goal of supporting South Africa’s transition to renewable energy, this paper explores the potential of biomass gasification technology. By assessing underutilised biomass sources—like agricultural waste and animal dung—the research evaluates how they can be converted into electricity and hydrogen. The findings present a roadmap for rural electrification and greener national energy grids.

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Sourcing Antimicrobial Agents from Candidate Medicinal Plants: In Silico Molecular Docking and Density Functional Theory Approach

Ayodeji O. Oriola (Dr), Walter Sisulu University

Kolade O. Faloye, Obafemi Awolowo University

Boluwaji I. Makinde, Obafemi Awolowo University

Adebola O. Oyedeji (Prof), Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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An in silico antimicrobial evaluation of some previously identified triterpenoids, Massularin (1) from Massularia acuminata, and 13,27-Cycloursane (2), Phyllanthone (3) and Globraunone (4) from Globimetula braunii, were carried out with a view to identifying lead antimicrobial hit(s). The compounds were evaluated by molecular docking against the microbial enzyme, bare sterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51). The frontier molecular orbitals and reactivity descriptors, and the molecular electrostatic potentials of the compounds were determined by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The result showed that each of the four compounds elicited a considerably higher binding affinity (≥-11.2 kcal/mol) when compared to Ampicillin (-7.5 kcal/mol), a well-known antimicrobial drug. Additionally, 4 exhibited π-alkyl and π-sigma interactions with the receptors Phe233, Phe380 and Tyr401, while 1-3 showed no hydrogen bonding and/or π-interactions. DFT analysis substantiated the in silico antimicrobial candidacy of 4, based on its highest HOMO-LUMO energy values. The molecular electrostatic potential map revealed the reactive sites of the compounds towards the microbial enzyme. In conclusion, the compounds, especially Globraunone (4), may be considered for further biological studies in the search for antimicrobial drug candidates from nature.

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The Technology Advancement and Economic Transformation in South Africa: Overcoming Challenges that Keep this Country Stagnant 

Talente Ncama, Walter Sisulu University 

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Abstract

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Investigating the economic effects of advanced technology, this paper analyses how digital tools and automation drive industrialisation and growth in South Africa. While highlighting increased GDP and investment potential, it also considers the challenge of job displacement. The research offers guidance on adopting technological innovations without sacrificing employment stability.

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Reflections of Male University Students on Issues of Gender-Based Violence and Masculinity: A Health Promotion Inquiry

Mziwabantu Fosi, Walter Sisiulu University

Mbuyiselo Douglas [PhD], Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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Exploring perceptions of masculinity among male university students, this research examines how gender norms contribute to gender-based violence in South Africa. By capturing student views on law enforcement, cultural expectations, and unreported cases, the study highlights the need for targeted education and community programs to challenge harmful gender dynamics.

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Effects of Poor Implementation of Operational Health and Safety Practices by Small and Medium Enterprise Contractors in South Africa

Mashwama Xolile Nokulunga, Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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​Centred on improving workplace safety, this research investigates the consequences of poor health and safety practices among small and medium contractors in South Africa’s construction sector. The analysis reveals impacts ranging from delays and legal disputes to productivity losses. The findings stress the urgency of stronger regulations and practical support for SMEs to promote safer work environments.

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Green Synthesis Photoluminescent of Carbon Dots Extracted from Black Mulberry Fruits for Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutant

Habtamu Fekadu Etefa, Walter Sisulu University

Francis Birhanu Dejene, Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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Biosynthesis of C-dots use of black mulberry fruit as a precursor for C-dot synthesis is a novel approach. By employing a hydrothermal autoclave and ethylenediamine (EDA), we have successfully synthesised C-dots from the fruit extract. This green synthesis method offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly route for the production of C-dots. The application of C-dots as photocatalysts for the degradation of pollutant in water represents a novel aspect of our work. The results demonstrate the efficient degradation of pollutant under visible light irradiation, indicating the strong photocatalytic activity of the C-dots. This finding has implications for environmental remediation and the elimination of harmful substances, showcasing the potential practical applications of C-dots in addressing water contamination issues. There was an effort to identify the optimum doping concentration of on C-dots, and 0.2 mol% was found to be the sweet spot. The photodegradation of the Pollutant at 0.2 mol concentration was an amazing 95.8%. Increased electron trapping due to more surface sites and different absorption wavelengths is responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic activity, which in turn is attributable to the doping of suitable ions into the host lattice. This work contributes to carbon dots synthesis use of black mulberry fruits as a sustainable precursor and the comprehensive analysis of optical and photocatalytic properties.

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LC-MS-Based Metabolomics: Profiling for Cannabinoids in Two (2) South African Cultivars of Cannabis sativa Linn

Anwuli E. Odieka, Walter Sisulu University

Hannibal T. Musarurwa (Dr), Walter Sisulu University

Ayodeji O. Oriola (Dr), Walter Sisulu University

Gugulethu M. Miya (Dr), Walter Sisulu University

Opeoluwa O. Oyedeji (Prof), University of Fort Hare

Mavuto Gondwe (Dr), Walter Sisulu University

Yiseyon S. Hosu (Dr), Walter Sisulu University

Thami Madliwa (Dr), Eastern Cape Hemp Producers Association

Gloria U. Obuzor

Adebola O. Oyedeji, Walter Sisulu University 

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Abstract

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Cannabis sativa L. is a popular herbal plant due to its suite of potent phytochemicals often responsible for several medicinal and recreational properties. The Eastern Cape (EC) Province is the most prolific producer of C. sativa in South Africa but, the chemical composition of local landraces is not well documented. This paper reports on MS-based metabolomics approach to determine the chemical profile of two cultivars of C. sativa sourced from Komga (EC) under permit No. PIA-HP-EC-2022-0023. A 400 mg of powdered leaf, stembark, and inflorescence samples of the two cultivars were analysed respectively using HPLC-QTOF-MS to quantify and characterise their metabolite profiles. Six (6) different compounds were quantified (CBD, Δ9 –THC, THCA, CBDA, Δ8 –THC, and Δ8 –THCA) and cultivar 1 had the highest accumulation of cannabinoids with the highest amount of CBDA (88.65 ± 3.03%) in the stembark and CBD (22.73±1.46%) in the leaves (LLS). The least number of cannabinoids was detected in cultivar 2. The cultivars profiled exhibit important chemotypic variation which warrants further investigation of metabolite accumulation in other cultivars grown in the province to assess and enhance their suitability for pharmaceutical processing.

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Normalisation of Teenage Pregnancy by Teenagers of Khanyayo Location at Flagstaff in Ingquza Hill Local Municipality in South Africa

Yolanda Nyolukana [PhD], Walter Sisulu University

Kholekile Hazel Ngqila, Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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The investigation focused on whether teenage pregnancy is normalised by teenagers in the Khanyayo location at Ingquza Hill local municipality in South Africa. The study was informed by theories including symbolism and structures, pollution and purity, and decolonisation and anti-structure to examine if teenagers abide by the laws of society. The data were, in particular, collected through the ethnographic research method, which is one of the qualitative research methods. This study involved interviews with 20 participants: 10 pregnant teenagers and 10 teen mothers. The study’s findings indicated that the majority of teenagers consider teenage pregnancy as completely normalised; however, a minority of these teenagers still perceive teenage pregnancy as deviating from societal norms. Teenagers are affected by their friends and what they see on social media, which makes them desire to have their children. However, after becoming mothers, they begin to see that teenage pregnancy is wrong.

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Navigating the Future of Engineering Education: Embracing Industry 4.0 Technology

Shadrack Mambo, Walter Sisulu University

Rose Mbugua, Walter Sisulu University

S Kuyumani, Walter Sisulu University 

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Abstract

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The advent of Industry 4.0 technology is revolutionising industries worldwide, including engineering. The future of engineering education stands at a pivotal crossroads, presenting both unprecedented challenges and opportunities. This paper explores the evolving role of engineering education in this era, examining key trends, strategies, and best practices to prepare the next generation of engineers for adaptation to these changes. Integrating emerging technologies into engineering curricula offers transformative possibilities for enhancing learning outcomes and fostering innovation. This paradigm shift requires fundamentally rethinking traditional pedagogical approaches, curriculum design, and faculty development to harness the potential of Industry 4.0 technologies in education. This paper elucidates innovative methodologies and tools for delivering immersive, experiential learning experiences that bridge the gap between academia and industry. The paper examines the imperative for cultivating a culture of lifelong learning and continuous skills development among engineering students and professionals alike, which is necessary as technological innovation accelerates. Engineering education must embrace a holistic approach that nurtures technical expertise, creativity, communication, and ethical leadership.

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