The Paradoxes of South Africa as the Rainbow Nation and Nationalism

LA Mafeje

Sylvia Nkanyuza, Walter Sisulu University 

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Abstract

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The issue of nationhood, ideologies and cultural artefacts intertwined with capitalism raises various paradoxes in South Africa. These paradoxes are ethnonationalist and racially charged due to social constructs of varying contextual sensitivities that incorporate historical-political features. They become epistemological pieces of certain types of social constructs. These social constructs have also impeded the developmental growth of a nation and failed to articulate people’s aspirations and give rise to the ideal embodied representative of South Africa within the African continent as a ‘pace-maker’ that would reflect South Africa as a true ‘Rainbow Nation’. This paper discusses the above paradoxes in the light of varying handicaps within South Africa as a ‘Rainbow Nation’.

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Stakeholders Not Working In Silos

Sylvia Nkanyuza, Walter Sisulu University 

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Abstract

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Rooted in a century-old tradition of fishing and marine resource use, the Wild Coast community’s story is one of resilience and redress. The Policy for the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in South Africa sought to recognise and restore the rights of marginalised fishers, shifting power back to communities once excluded by discriminatory policies. By establishing seventy-eight fishing cooperatives—fifty-two of which are spread across the Transkei coastline—local fishers became central to efforts in community development, food security, and economic sustainability. Yet, tensions between primary and secondary stakeholders continue to challenge integration and cooperation, leaving these coastal communities navigating complex internal and external pressures.

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The Adequacy of African Regional Laws in Addressing the Use of AI-Generated Evidence

Sumbi Khumalo

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Abstract

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​Amid rapid technological change, the African Union’s 2014 Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection lays critical groundwork for secure digital ecosystems. Though not directly addressing AI, this framework anticipates the legal and ethical complexities emerging from AI-driven systems. South Africa, guided by constitutional principles, has begun confronting questions of fairness, transparency, and admissibility of AI-generated evidence in court. Recommendations from legal reform bodies urge a balance between innovation and legal safeguards, empowering practitioners to engage with AI’s challenges. These steps highlight a broader continental movement towards integrating AI responsibly while bridging legal and technical knowledge gaps.

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Black Consciousness and the Development of African Spirituality and Belief Systems: A Reflection on the Rhetoric of Steve Biko - “I Write What I Like”

Julia Mathuetsi Matetoa-Mohapi (Prof)

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Abstract

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Challenging mainstream narratives about early Christianity and Western philosophy demands a fearless re-examination of what has been taught—and often hidden. Debates around Emperor Constantine, the Council of Nicaea, and the blending of Christian and pagan traditions raise critical questions about authenticity and cultural ownership. Similarly, the claim that Greek philosophy borrowed heavily from Egyptian thought provokes a deeper interrogation of knowledge systems. Inspired by Steve Biko’s call for Black Consciousness, this exploration encourages Africans to question organised religions and inherited ideologies as part of rebuilding a strong, modern African scholarship rooted in truth and self-awareness.

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Barriers to SME Integration into Global Value Chains: Evidence from the Textile Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa

Arthur Mapanga, Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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Across sub-Saharan Africa, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) stand at the crossroads of local resilience and global opportunity. Integrating these businesses into global value chains offers immense potential, yet hurdles such as limited finance, technological gaps, and complex regulations remain formidable. Research involving textile industry managers reveals that financial literacy, regulatory support, and technological readiness can significantly ease these barriers. By equipping SMEs with strategic tools and targeted interventions, countries can bolster economic growth, enhance competitiveness, and position local businesses as vital players in global markets.

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The Effectiveness of Disaster Risk Management in Local Municipalities: A Case Study of King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality

Avela Nobambela (Ms), Walter Sisulu University

Babalo Yekani (Dr), Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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Recurring disasters continue to disrupt vulnerable rural communities in South Africa’s Eastern Cape, as seen in the severe flooding of April 2022. While the King Sabata Dalindyebo municipality focuses on internal monitoring, it often overlooks the profound social impact of these events on residents. Insights from local officials point to gaps in stakeholder communication, early warning systems, and post-disaster evaluation. Strengthening community coping mechanisms and fostering collaborative approaches could transform disaster risk management and help build resilience, offering both immediate relief and long-term security for affected populations.

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Conflict and the Environment in Selected African Fiction: An Ecocritical Discourse

Ntung Peter Njungwoh (Mr), Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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Literature offers a compelling lens into the tangled roots of political conflict and environmental degradation in Africa. Novels like The Death of Eternity, The Heart of Redness, and Ways of Dying reveal how environmental destruction, poverty, and violence create a self-reinforcing "development trap." By examining these stories through Ecocriticism, connections emerge between resource-driven conflicts and ecological collapse, highlighting fiction’s power to raise awareness and inspire change. Advocating for policies that promote both environmental sustainability and political stability, this perspective underscores the urgent need for integrated solutions across the continent.

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Giving Women Lip Service?

Francis Rangoajane [PhD], Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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Despite waves of policy reforms and global declarations supporting women's rights, deep-rooted injustices persist, especially for women on society’s margins. The paradox of "empowerment" reveals a troubling reality: certain groups and systems benefit from maintaining women’s vulnerabilities. By questioning who defines womanhood—and who profits from women's continued struggles—this exploration challenges performative gestures and urges a move toward genuine liberation. Reflecting on the experiences of rural women, poor women, sex workers, and LGBTQ+ individuals calls for critical examination and authentic strategies that reach beyond rhetoric.

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The Influence of Brand Credibility, Brand Faith and Brand Attitude on Brand Purchase Intention at Mthatha

Tshehla David Molefe, Walter Sisulu University

Medicine Magocha, Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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In South Africa’s Mthatha region, the relationship between brand credibility, faith, and attitude powerfully shapes consumers’ buying choices. Findings from local mall surveys illustrate that while brand credibility is important, brand faith and positive brand attitudes hold greater sway in driving purchase intentions. This nuanced understanding offers valuable guidance for marketers seeking to resonate with consumers in deeply personal and community-oriented ways. Future exploration could further unpack cultural influences and the growing role of online reviews, enriching strategies for building lasting brand loyalty.

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Enhancing the Inclusion of Women in Leadership Role and Political Realm in South Africa

Vivian Nombulelo Qwede, Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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A robust democracy demands equitable representation, yet women across Africa, including South Africa, remain underrepresented in political spaces. Examining current laws, global frameworks, and literary insights uncovers significant gaps between policy ideals and lived realities. Women face systemic barriers, economic constraints, and the absence of voices that truly reflect their experiences and needs. Encouraging more inclusive and authentic representation not only advances gender equity but also strengthens social cohesion and democratic governance, paving the way for more just and effective leadership across all sectors.

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The Impact of Public Health Expenditure on Labour Productivity in South Africa

Sinazo Ngqoleka, Walter Sisulu University

Vikela Liso Sithole, Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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A healthier workforce is a more productive one. In South Africa, investments in public health have shown both short- and long-term positive effects on labour productivity. Analysis spanning 1994 to 2020 confirms that prioritising healthcare infrastructure and preventive services can directly enhance economic growth. By fostering partnerships and focusing on health as a foundational economic strategy, South Africa can extend workers’ lifespans and ensure a stronger, more resilient economy.

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Migrant Integration for Sustainable Socioeconomic and Political Development: Insights and Suggestions from Immigrant Adolescent Learners in South Africa

Agrippa Mabvira (Dr), Wits University

Roshini Pillay (Associate Prof), Wits University

Poppy Masinga (Dr), The South African College of Applied Psychology

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Abstract

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Rising intra-African migration brings both opportunities and challenges for integration, especially among young immigrants. Using participatory methods like photovoice, immigrant adolescents share their experiences of navigating new educational landscapes. Their insights highlight urgent needs: intercultural training for educators, comprehensive language support, proactive anti-xenophobia efforts, and accurate media narratives. Empowering these young learners not only supports their personal development but also enriches host societies by building inclusive, empathetic communities prepared for shared futures.

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Developing a Hypothetical Model of 4ir in the South African Retail Industry

Sefeoluwa Oluwarotimi Badaru (Mr), Nelson Mandela University

Tandiswa Ngxukumeshe (Dr), Nelson Mandela University

Jobo Dubihlela (Prof), University of KwaZulu-Natal

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Abstract

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Retail in South Africa is rapidly evolving with the rise of smart technologies. The shift toward automation and data-driven strategies offers retailers a unique chance to enhance both business performance and customer satisfaction. A new conceptual model links digital marketing and customer experience as critical levers shaping outcomes. By leveraging insights from emerging technologies, retailers can craft highly tailored experiences that delight customers and drive growth, transforming traditional retail into a more dynamic, future-ready ecosystem.

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Skills Empowerment for Sex Workers through Community Education and Training Colleges

Nceba Nyembezi, Walter Sisulu University

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Abstract

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In Port Elizabeth, economic pressures have led many women into sex work, drawn by immediate income despite significant health risks. Some clients even offer more money to forgo condoms, exacerbating exposure to HIV and other harms. Using empowerment theory as a foundation, new approaches aim to provide these women with alternative skills and educational opportunities. Expanding access to community education and training could support transitions into safer livelihoods, protect health, and offer new pathways for dignity and security.

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